A historical review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Objective: To describe the most important coma scales developed in the last fifty years. Method: A review of the literature between 1969 and 2009 in the Medline and Scielo databases was carried out using the following keywords: coma scales, coma, disorders of consciousness, coma score and levels of coma. Results: Five main scales were found in chronological order: the Jouvet coma scale, the Moscow coma scale, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), the Bozza-Marrubini scale and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness), as well as other scales that have had less impact and are rarely used outside their country of origin. Discussion: Of the five main scales, the GCS is by far the most widely used. It is easy to apply and very suitable for cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, it has shortcomings, such as the fact that the speech component in intubated patients cannot be tested. While the Jouvet scale is quite sensitive, particularly for levels of consciousness closer to normal levels, it is difficult to use. The Moscow scale has good predictive value but is little used by the medical community. The FOUR score is easy to apply and provides more neurological details than the Glasgow scale.
منابع مشابه
Ionizing Radiation and Human Gender Proportion at Birth: A Concise Review of the Literature and A Complementary Analysis of Historical and Recent Data
متن کامل
Historical review of interstitial prostate brachytherapy
In the recent years, interstitial brachytherapy implantation has become the treatment of choice for early stage prostate cancer patients. Treatment of prostate cancer with radiation is traced back to 1909. Originally this treatment modality was very crude and could not gain much popularity till 1982. Advancements in radioactive source designs, introduction of new low energy radioactive sources,...
متن کاملReview of Lars Johanson and Christiane Bulut (eds) Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas. Historical and Linguistic Aspects
متن کامل
Historical Interruption and Continuity Attitude in Recent Changes in Architecture of Historical Iranian Fabrics
Review and continuation of the physical evidence can be pursued over a long period in Iranian architecture; however, the architecture of modernity occurred in persistence of Iranian architecture. The past architecture and discontinuity can be the factors deemed to avoid identity. Facing tradition against contemporary ideas is now a challenge in many primeval countries. Lack of intimacy and com...
متن کاملStereotactic Radiosurgery/Radiotherapy: A Historical Review
"Stereotactic" is an exact radiotherapy treatment modality which implements invasive and non-invasive facilities for improving precise dose delivery. Stereotactic refers to three-dimensional localization of a specific point in space by a unique set of coordinates that relate to a fixed external reference frame. An accurate delivery of radiation is attainable using these techniques with high pre...
متن کاملContemporary Debates in the Philosophy of Biology : A Historical Review
The philosophy of biology has existed as a distinct sub-discipline within the philosophy of science for about thirty years. The rapid growth of the field has mirrored that of the biological sciences in the same period. Today the discipline is well represented in the leading journals in philosophy of science, as well as in several specialist journals. There have been two generations of textbooks...
متن کامل